Application calendar

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine holds open days at the Alfara del Patriarca Campus: visit the 24-hour Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Teaching Farm. Check exact dates at uchceu.es.

Applications are open throughout the year. Applying early improves access to CEU Merit Programme scholarships (limited places). Reserving a place early also secures your preferred language track.

Interview with a faculty member (not a technical exam): assessed are motivation, animal experience, and knowledge of the veterinary profession. The decision is normally communicated within ~24 hours.

Indicative window for applying for the Ministry of Education general scholarship (MEC grant) at becasyconcursos.mec.es. The grant is compatible with CEU UCH as an accredited private university.

Once admitted, confirm your place reservation and complete enrolment for the 2027-28 academic year. Tuition: ~€14,600/year (verify at uchceu.es). Term starts September 2027.

Visit the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Check exact dates at ucm.es/veterinaria. Great for seeing the facilities before sitting EvAU.

Approximate deadline to register for EvAU through your secondary school (Comunidad de Madrid). No registration = no exam. Select your Phase 2 subjects (Biology, Chemistry) at this stage. Official dates at madrid.org.

General phase (compulsory): ~Jun 2–4. Specific phase (voluntary, boosts nota): ~Jun 5. Biology ×0.2 · Chemistry ×0.2 weighting. Results: ~Jun 13. Resit: ~Jul 1–3. Max possible nota: 14.000.

Pre-enrolment opens ~Jun 16 (once EvAU results are out). 1st allocation ~Jul 14 · 2nd ~Jul 21 · 3rd ~Jul 27. Track the lists on the UCM admissions portal. 2025 cut-off: 11.814. The entire process — exam to uni — fits within one year.

Enrolment: August. MEC grant (covers fees + living allowance): apply Jul–Sep at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts: second half of September 2026.

The UEx Faculty of Veterinary Medicine holds open days at the Cáceres Campus to visit the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Teaching Farm, and meat and dairy pilot plants. Check exact dates at veterinaria.unex.es.

Registration period for the Extremadura EBAU. Subjects weighted for Veterinary Medicine in Extremadura: Biology II and Chemistry (×0.2 each, up to +4 bonus points). Confirm weightings and exact dates with the Junta de Extremadura.

Ordinary sitting: approx. 2–5 June 2027. Results: approx. 13 June. Extraordinary sitting (resit): approx. 1–3 July 2027. The entire process — exam to university — fits within the same calendar year.

Pre-enrolment for the Extremadura district opens after EBAU results. UEx publishes first and second deadline periods. 1st allocation: approx. 14 Jul 2027; 2nd allocation: approx. 21 Jul 2027. Confirm exact dates at unex.es.

Formalise UEx enrolment in the assigned period (fees: approx. €1,064 in year 1). Apply for the Ministry general scholarship at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts September 2027.

The ULE Faculty of Veterinary Medicine holds open days to visit Vegazana Campus, the 24/7 Veterinary Hospital, and the Experimental Farm. Check exact dates at centros.unileon.es/veterinaria.

Registration period for the Castilla y León EBAU. Subjects weighted for Veterinary Medicine: Biology II, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics II (all ×0.2 — up to +4 extra points). Confirm exact dates with the Junta de Castilla y León.

Ordinary sitting: approx. 2–5 June 2027. Results: approx. 13 June. Extraordinary sitting (resit): approx. 1–3 July 2027. The entire process — exam to university — fits within the same calendar year, a key contrast with the UK system (12+ months).

1st allocation: approx. 14 Jul 2027; 2nd allocation: approx. 21 Jul 2027. Pre-enrolment for the Castilla y León district opens after EBAU results. Check dates at unileon.es or the Junta de CyL platform.

Formalise ULE enrolment in the assigned period (fees: approx. €1,107 in year 1, 60 ECTS × €18.45). Apply for the Ministry general scholarship at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts September 2027.

The UMU Faculty of Veterinary Medicine holds open days to visit the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Teaching Farm. Check exact dates at um.es/web/veterinaria.

Registration period for the EBAU (Murcia region). Subjects weighted for Veterinary Medicine: Biology II, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics II (all ×0.2). Confirm exact dates with the CARM Education Department.

Ordinary sitting: approx. 2–5 June 2027. Results: approx. 13 June. Extraordinary sitting (resit): approx. 1–3 July 2027. The entire process — exam to university — fits within the same calendar year.

KEY: in Murcia, pre-enrolment may open BEFORE EBAU results are published. 1st allocation: approx. 14 Jul 2027; 2nd allocation: approx. 21 Jul 2027. Check exact deadlines at preinscripciondurm.um.es.

Formalise UMU enrolment within the assigned period (fees: approx. €1,007 in year 1). Apply for the Ministry general scholarship at becasyconcursos.mec.es and for CARM grants. Term starts September 2027.

Visit Bellaterra campus. Check dates at uab.cat/veterinaria. A chance to experience the Catalan-language teaching environment before sitting PAU.

Deadline to register for the Prova d'Accés a la Universitat through your secondary school. Select Phase 2 subjects (Biology, Chemistry) at registration. Info at universitats.gencat.cat.

Phase 1 (compulsory): ~Jun 9–10. Phase 2 (specific subjects): ~Jun 11–12. Biology ×0.2 · Chemistry ×0.2. Results: ~Jun 19–20. Resit: ~Jul 7–9. Exams are longer than most regions as they include Catalan language.

Pre-enrolment opens ~Jun 20. 1st allocation ~Jul 17 · 2nd ~Jul 24. Portal: accesua.gencat.cat. 2025 cut-off: 11.994 — highest of any Spanish vet school. The entire process happens within the same calendar year.

Enrolment: August. MEC grant application: July–Sep. Note: ~69% of teaching in Catalan, ~30% Spanish. Term starts: September 2026.

UAX holds open days at the Villanueva de la Cañada campus: visit the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (>7,000 m²), laboratories and simulation areas. Check exact dates at uax.com.

Applications are open throughout the year. Applying before spring maximises the chance of accessing UAX's own scholarships (limited places) and secures preference for track and timetable. UAX academic advisors guide the process.

UAX admissions test and/or personal interview with academic advisors. Assessed: motivation, animal experience, ethical reasoning (One Health), and knowledge of UAX and its hospital. Decision communicated within working days.

Indicative window for applying for the MEC general grant (becasyconcursos.mec.es) and Comunidad de Madrid excellence grants. Both are compatible with UAX as an accredited private university.

Once admitted, complete official enrolment and arrange instalment payment if applicable. Check exact enrolment and term-start dates at uax.com. Term start expected September 2027.

Contact UCAM admissions (admision@ucam.edu), visit the campus and submit your pre-registration. Places are limited (60) — do not wait for EBAU to start the process.

Personal interviews with the admissions team or Veterinary Medicine faculty. Prepare your motivation, animal experience and career plan.

If admitted, confirm your place with the €1,100 reservation. You can do this before receiving your EBAU score.

Pass the EBAU (no minimum cut-off grade at UCAM). Submit the final paperwork and complete enrolment by the deadline.

Welcome week, Faculty presentation, Virtual Campus access and start of Veterinary Medicine classes.

Visit the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at UCO in Córdoba. Check dates at uco.es. Only vet school in Andalusia — specialised in animal production and health.

Approximate deadline to register for the EBAU through your secondary school in Andalusia. Select specific-phase subjects (Biology II, Chemistry) to maximise admission score. Exact dates on the Junta de Andalucía website.

General phase (compulsory): ~Jun 2–4. Specific phase (voluntary, boosts score): ~Jun 5. Biology II ×0.2 · Chemistry ×0.2. Max admission score: 14/14. Results: ~Jun 13. Resit: ~Jul 1–3. The entire process (EBAU → admission → enrolment) fits within the same calendar year.

Pre-enrolment opens ~Jun 15 (after EBAU results). 1st allocation ~Jul 14 · 2nd ~Jul 21. UCO's cut-off is consistently the highest in Spain (~12.47 in 2025-26). Via the Distrito Único Andaluz portal (Junta de Andalucía).

Enrolment: August. ~€12.6/ECTS → ~€756/yr (Junta de Andalucía; passed-credit bonus may reduce the real cost). MEC grant application: Jul–Sep at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts: September.

UCV holds open days at the Santa Úrsula campus (Valencia): visit the UCV Veterinary Hospital, laboratories and Teaching Farm. Check exact dates at ucv.es or by calling admissions (+34 96 192 75 90).

UCV operates rolling admissions with no single pre-enrolment deadline. Applying as early as possible is recommended to secure a place (cohort is small). Contact: +34 96 192 75 90 / ucv.es.

Written test (eliminatory) + interview/profile and academic file assessment. The exact format is not published in detail — request the updated guide from admissions (+34 96 192 75 90). Decision within working days.

Indicative window for applying for the MEC grant (becasyconcursos.mec.es) and for processing UCV fee waivers/discounts via the intranet (usually a deadline before 1 November of each year).

Complete enrolment once admitted. Check exact calendar at ucv.es. Term start expected September 2027. Tuition: ~€11,900/year (indicative — verify at ucv.es).

The European University holds open days at the Villaviciosa de Odón campus: visit the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, SSH Simulation Hospital and Teaching Farm. Check dates at universidadeuropea.com.

Apply for a place at universidadeuropea.com → Veterinary Medicine degree → Apply / Request info. Places are limited — early pre-enrolment is recommended to secure your choice of campus and intake.

Personal interview assessing profile and motivation (plus EBAU if required). The university communicates its decision within working days. Exact duration/criteria: check at universidadeuropea.com or call the admissions service.

Indicative window for applying for the MEC general grant (becasyconcursos.mec.es). The MEC grant is compatible with the European University as an accredited private institution (subject to family income and academic performance).

Complete enrolment and select the payment option (lump sum or monthly). Term start expected September 2027. Check exact dates at universidadeuropea.com.

The ULPGC Faculty of Veterinary Medicine holds open days (reference: March each year). Check exact dates at vet.ulpgc.es. A chance to visit the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Cardones Campus facilities in Arucas.

Registration period for the Canarian PAU (University Access Examination). Subjects weighted for Veterinary Medicine in the Canary Islands: Biology (×0.2) and Chemistry (×0.2) — up to +4 bonus points. Confirm weightings and exact dates with the Canary Islands Department of Education.

Ordinary sitting: approx. 2–5 June 2027. Results: approx. 14 June. Extraordinary sitting (resit): approx. 1–3 July 2027. The entire process — exam to university — fits within the same calendar year, in contrast to UK universities where the timeline spans over 12 months.

Pre-enrolment for the Canary Islands district opens after PAU results (~15-20 Jun 2027). Allocation of the 72 Veterinary places: 1st round approx. 14 Jul 2027; 2nd round approx. 21 Jul 2027. Check for possible reserved quotas for Canarian residents. Confirm exact dates at ulpgc.es.

Formalise ULPGC enrolment in the assigned period (fees: approx. €875 in year 1). Apply for the Ministry general scholarship at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts September 2027.

Visit the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (C/ Miguel Servet, 177, Zaragoza). Check dates at unizar.es. Specialised in large animal medicine and Ebro Valley livestock science.

Approximate deadline to register for the EBAU through your secondary school in Aragón. Select Phase 2 subjects (Biology ×0.2 · Chemistry ×0.2) at registration. Info at educaragon.org.

General phase (compulsory): ~Jun 2–4. Specific phase (voluntary, boosts nota): ~Jun 5. Biology ×0.2 · Chemistry ×0.2. Results: ~Jun 12–13. Resit: ~Jul 1–3. Max possible nota: 14.000.

Pre-enrolment opens ~Jun 15 (after EBAU results). 1st allocation ~Jul 14 · 2nd ~Jul 21. Via unizar.es or universidades.es. 2025 cut-off: 11.850. The entire process — exam to uni — fits within the same calendar year.

Enrolment: August. ~€21.3/ECTS → ~€1,278/yr. MEC grant application: July–Sep at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts: second half of September 2026.

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Lugo Campus holds open days to visit the Rof Codina Veterinary Hospital, the Gayoso Castro experimental farm, and teaching facilities. Check exact dates at usc.gal/centro/facultad-veterinaria.

Registration period for the Galician ABAU (Avaliación do Bacharelato para o Acceso á Universidade), managed by CIUG. Subjects weighted for Veterinary Medicine: Biology II and Chemistry (×0.2 each, up to +4 bonus points). Confirm exact weightings and deadlines at ciug.gal.

Ordinary sitting: approx. 2–5 June 2027. Results: approx. 13 June. Extraordinary sitting (resit): approx. 1–3 July 2027. The entire process — exam to university — fits within the same calendar year.

Pre-enrolment for the Galician university district opens after ABAU results (~15-20 June). USC publishes allocation rounds: 1st round: approx. 14 Jul 2027; 2nd round: approx. 21 Jul 2027; possible 3rd round in August. Confirm exact dates at usc.gal.

Formalise USC enrolment in the assigned period (fees: approx. €836 in year 1). Apply for the Ministry general scholarship at becasyconcursos.mec.es. Term starts September 2027.

Platform opens for registration and wish submission.

Last date to submit and validate wishes on Parcoursup.

Complete file, confirm wish and pay application fee (€70 / €5 scholarship holders).

Admissible candidates lists published on Parcoursup.

7-station exam by videoconference (4 interviews + 3 MCQs) for admissible candidates.

Start of admission phase: offers sent to candidates via Parcoursup.

Closure of main admission phase. Waiting lists continue until the start of term.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 18:00 UK time on 15 October. Missing this date means waiting another year.

Eligible applicants receive the Supplementary Assessment Questionnaire. Complete it carefully — this replaces the interview for the standard BVSc.

Bristol sends conditional offers (typically AAA at A-level) or rejections based on academic profile and SAQ score.

Conditional offers are confirmed or declined based on your A-level results. Clear any conditions promptly.

Register for the Engineering and Science Admissions Test (ESAT) at an authorised centre before the published autumn deadline. Late registration is not accepted.

Submit both the UCAS application (code D100) and the My Cambridge Application/SAQ by the 15 October 2025 deadline.

Sit the ESAT at your registered centre. Results are sent to Cambridge directly.

Shortlisted candidates attend academic interviews at their College. Typically two interviews, each 20–40 minutes, focused on scientific reasoning.

College decisions communicated via UCAS Track. Conditional offers (typically A*AA + Chemistry) must be met in August results.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 6pm UK time on 15 October. Institution code H25, course code D100 for the BVetMS at Harper & Keele.

The Vocational Experience Form must be submitted by the stated October deadline (typically around 20 October). Applications are not progressed without it. Verify the exact date at harperkeelevetschool.ac.uk.

Shortlisted applicants are invited to a selection event featuring a station-based MMI, including an animal-handling station. Exact dates and format: verify at harperkeelevetschool.ac.uk.

Conditional offers confirmed or declined. Contact the admissions team promptly if your results differ from your predicted grades. Verify the exact grade requirements at harperkeelevetschool.ac.uk.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 18:00 UK time on 15 October. Course code D100 for the BVSc at Liverpool. North American applicants: check VMCAS deadline separately.

Liverpool requires a separate online work-experience form to be submitted (typically around late October). Applications without it are automatically rejected. Verify the exact deadline at liverpool.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/veterinary-science/how-to-apply.

Eligible applicants are invited to the online Multiple Mini Interview. Personal statement is not used. Prepare to demonstrate motivation, communication, ethics and work-experience reflection. Verify exact dates at liverpool.ac.uk.

Conditional offers (AAA including Biology and Chemistry) confirmed or declined. Contact the admissions team promptly if your results are close to or differ from the standard offer.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 18:00 UK time on 15 October. Choose your intake (September or April) on the form.

Eligible applicants are invited to complete the scored online Personal Qualities Review questionnaires. Complete them promptly — results feed directly into interview shortlisting.

Shortlisted applicants are invited to the ~30-minute selection interview (in-person or online). Assess motivation, professional insight, communication and fitness to practise.

Conditional offers (AAB) are confirmed or declined. April-intake students may have already started; September students confirm their place now.

Submit your UCAS application by the veterinary medicine deadline of 15 October 2025 for 2026 entry. Late applications are not accepted.

Complete the RVC online supplementary form (work experience log + suitability questions) promptly after your UCAS submission.

RVC scores academic profile and questionnaire responses. Invitations to MMI sent to shortlisted candidates.

MMI at RVC Camden or Hawkshead campus: 6 short stations + group task (~45 min total). Date assigned by RVC.

Conditional or unconditional offers sent via UCAS Track. Applicants must reply by the UCAS reply deadline. Key dates each cycle: verify at rvc.ac.uk.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 6pm UK time on 15 October. Course code D100 for the BVMSci at Surrey.

Shortlisted applicants receive an emailed online questionnaire with a short return deadline. Your questionnaire responses are assessed before the MMI invitation. Verify the exact timing at surrey.ac.uk.

Eligible applicants attend the online Multiple Mini Interview lasting up to about an hour. Stations assess motivation, ethics, communication and professional awareness. Verify exact dates at surrey.ac.uk.

Conditional offers (AAB including A in Biology and A in Chemistry) confirmed or declined. Contact the admissions team promptly if your results differ from your predicted grades.

All UK veterinary applications must be submitted via UCAS by 18:00 UK time on 15 October. Course code D100 for the BVMS at the University of Lancashire.

Eligible applicants who meet academic and contextual thresholds are invited to the Multiple Mini Interview. Verify exact timings at lancashire.ac.uk.

MMI sessions held on campus or online. Stations assess motivation, communication, ethics and situational judgement. Conditional offers are issued based largely on MMI performance.

Conditional offers (AAB or ABB depending on science combination) confirmed or declined. Contact the admissions team promptly if your results differ from predictions.

Clinical + varied species. Reflect carefully.

Irish Leaving Cert applicants via CAO. International/graduate direct to UCD.

UCD conducts written science test and panel interview.

Conditional and final offers.

Opening of national filter-semester registration on Universitaly (≈ €250). The 2025/26 deadline was 25 July 2025. The 2026/27 date: TO VERIFY on the MUR portal.

Start of Biology, Chemistry & biochemistry propedeutics, and Physics courses. Attendance is compulsory. Mixed delivery mode. Exact timetable: TO VERIFY at uniba.it.

First window for the three national exams (Biology, Chemistry, Physics). Minimum pass mark: 18/30 per exam. Exact dates: TO VERIFY on the CINECA/Universitaly portal.

Resit session for candidates who did not pass one or more exams in the first session. Exact dates: TO VERIFY.

Publication of the national merit ranking on Universitaly. Enrolment within the mandatory deadline set by MUR (for the 2025/26 cycle: January 2026). Places at Bari 2025/26: 60 EU + 5 non-EU.

Opening of national filter-semester registration on Universitaly (≈ €250). The 2025/26 deadline was 25 July 2025. The 2026/27 date: TO VERIFY on the MUR portal. For the English-taught programme, verify the separate procedure.

Start of Biology, Chemistry & biochemistry propedeutics, and Physics courses at Bologna / Ozzano dell'Emilia. Attendance is compulsory. Mixed delivery. Exact timetable: TO VERIFY at unibo.it.

First window for the three national exams (Biology, Chemistry, Physics). For the 2025/26 cycle: 20 November 2025. Minimum 18/30 per exam to enter the ranking. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Resit session for candidates who did not pass one or more exams in the first session. For the 2025/26 cycle: 10 December 2025. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Publication of the national merit ranking on Universitaly. For the 2025/26 cycle: ranking 12 January 2026, enrolment to follow. Places at Bologna 2025/26: 110 EU + 10 non-EU (Italian programme) + 50 (English programme).

Opening of filter-semester registration on Universitaly (≈ €250). The 2025/26 deadline was 25 July 2025. After Universitaly registration, also register at miiscrivo.unicam.it. 2026/27 date: TO VERIFY.

Start of Biology, Chemistry & biochemistry propedeutics, and Physics at the Matelica campus. For the 2025/26 cycle, classes started 1 September 2025. Mixed delivery (in-person + synchronous online). Attendance is compulsory.

First national exam window (Biology, Chemistry, Physics). For the 2025/26 cycle: 20 November 2025. Minimum 18/30 per exam to enter the ranking. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Resit session for candidates who did not pass one or more exams. For the 2025/26 cycle: 10 December 2025. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Publication of national merit ranking on Universitaly. For the 2025/26 cycle: 12 January 2026. Enrolment within the mandatory deadline at Camerino/Matelica (60 EU + 5 non-EU places).

Opening of national filter-semester registration on Universitaly (≈ €250). The 2025/26 deadline was 25 July 2025. The 2026/27 date: TO VERIFY on the MUR portal.

Start of Biology, Chemistry & biochemistry propedeutics, and Physics. Mixed delivery mode (in-person + online). Exact timetable: TO VERIFY at unime.it.

First national exam window (Biology, Chemistry, Physics). For the 2025/26 cycle: 20 November 2025. Minimum 18/30 per exam. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Resit session for candidates who did not pass one or more exams. For the 2025/26 cycle: 10 December 2025. 2026/27 dates: TO VERIFY.

Publication of the national merit ranking on Universitaly. For the 2025/26 cycle: 12 January 2026. Enrolment within the mandatory deadline at Messina (95 EU + 5 non-EU places).

Universitaly portal opens for filter-semester registration. Fee ≈ €250. Indicate campus preferences (including Lodi/UniMi). Exact dates: TO VERIFY (2026 MUR decree not yet published).

Start of the three compulsory courses: Chemistry & biochemistry, Physics, Biology (6 ECTS each). Compulsory attendance. Venue: DIVAS campus — Lodi.

First sitting for each of the three subjects. Pass with ≥ 18/30. Students who do not pass may attempt the December session.

Final sitting for students who did not pass in November. This closes the filter-semester exam window.

The MUR publishes the national merit ranking. Students ranked sufficiently high for Lodi/UniMi proceed to enrol in semester 2. Exact dates: TO VERIFY.

Universitaly portal opens for filter-semester registration. Indicate campus preferences (including Naples Federico II). Exact dates: TO VERIFY (2026 MUR decree not yet published).

Start of the three compulsory courses: Chemistry & biochemistry, Physics, Biology (6 ECTS each). Compulsory attendance. Venue: via Federico Delpino 1, Naples (DMVPA).

First sitting for each of the three subjects. Pass with ≥ 18/30. Students who do not pass may attempt the December session.

Final sitting for students who did not pass in November. This closes the filter-semester exam window.

The MUR publishes the national merit ranking. Students ranked sufficiently high for Naples Federico II proceed to enrol in semester 2. Exact dates: TO VERIFY.

Universitaly portal opens for filter-semester registration. Indicate preferred seat (Legnaro/Unipd). Exact dates: TO VERIFY (2026 MUR decree not yet published).

Start of the three compulsory courses: Chemistry & biochemistry, Physics, Biology (6 ECTS each). Compulsory attendance. Venue: Agripolis campus, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro.

First sitting for each of the three subjects (pass with ≥ 18/30). Students who do not pass may attempt the December session.

Final sitting for students who did not pass in November. Closes the 2026/27 filter-semester exam window.

The MUR publishes the national merit ranking. Students ranked sufficiently high for Legnaro/Unipd proceed to enrol in semester 2. Exact dates: TO VERIFY.

Universitaly portal opens for filter-semester registration. Indicate preferred seat (Parma / Unipr). Exact dates: TO VERIFY (2026 MUR decree not yet published; see "Scheda future matricole" at corsi.unipr.it).

Start of the three compulsory-attendance courses: Chemistry & biochemistry, Physics, Biology (6 ECTS each). Venue: SMV Department, Strada del Taglio 10, Parma.

First sitting for each of the three subjects (pass with ≥ 18/30). Students who do not pass may attempt the December session.

Final sitting for students who did not pass in November. Closes the 2026/27 filter-semester exam window.

The MUR publishes the national merit ranking. Students ranked sufficiently high for Parma/Unipr proceed to enrol in semester 2. Exact dates: TO VERIFY.